ART; The philosophy of ancient Egyptian art

 

 The philosophy of ancient Egyptian art

in the ancient

The philosophy of ancient Egyptian art

middle

 and modern states

 (sculpture - photography – architecture)

The Egyptian Pharaonic civilization is one of the oldest human civilizations. The history of the ancient Egyptian civilization dates back to the fourth millennium BC, which is the civilization that inhabited Northeast Africa, and preserved its artistic and archaeological achievements throughout history,

 The ancient Egyptian civilization relied on factors that led to its prosperity, which are geographical location, climate, mineral wealth, Nile, irrigation, and agriculture.

 It acquired major wealth from the fertile flood plains in the Nile Valley region, resulting from the flow of the river between the limestone hills and the Nile delta, which means that the ancient civilization of Egypt arose in the shadow of the Nile, which was the main basis of life in Egypt.

The ancient Egyptian civilization in Egypt is considered a pioneer: in arts and architecture, as that civilization was the first to know the principles of hieroglyphic writing and was the first country to write its history in the world, and from here began the tremendous development in the works of sculpture, photography, and architecture for the ancient, middle, and modern state.

 Civilizations have diversified in Egypt, the most important of which is the ancient, middle, and modern Egyptian civilization.

 

The ancient Egyptian artist proved his competence in expressing what surrounds him from the aspects of the life in which he lived, and this seems clear from what he recorded these subjects and paintings on rocks, pots, and memorial paintings.

 

Arts of the ancient, middle and modern state;

(architecture - sculpture – photography)

The ancient Egyptian state

And includes her rule from the third family to the sixth family

BC ( 2290-2650 )

The third dynasty:

    - The foundations of the Old Kingdom were King Djoser, the first king of the Third Dynasty, in the year 2650 BC

The fourth family:

         King Senefru took power, founder of the Fourth Dynasty (2600-2480) BC

Fifth family:

            It was founded in (2480-2380) BC

Sixth Dynasty:

   Its rule ended in 2290 BC

 

The era of decay in governance is the era of decay   From the seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth dynasty (2290-2065) BC

 

Architecture in the Old Kingdom

The works were carried out during the period by an ancient Egyptian engineer from the twenty-eighth century BC

And he was the engineer Imhotep and Imhotep supervised the construction of the tomb of the Queen of Djoser and its dependencies in the Saqqara area.

And he tried three great attempts, which is the use of stone on a large scale for the first time in the upper part of the cemetery and its aftershocks. Imhotep, King Djoser's minister, built his pyramid by placing several floors graded in size on top of some, and thus a pyramid (Saqqara Amphitheater) was established, filling in the voids Emerging from the terraces, the four faces of the pyramid became flat.

Despite the simplicity of the pyramid shape, reaching this shape was not easy, but rather an engineering achievement.

And the transition in the form of its upper part from the cemetery and its aftershocks, and the transition in the form of its upper part from the shape of the rectangular bench to the form of the step pyramid.

Sculpture in the Old Kingdom

The art of sculpture of the ancient Egyptians has reached a high level

And especially in the era of the old state, which is considered the most brilliant in the history of sculpture, where it is noticed in all types of statues, whether they are standing, sitting on a chair, cross-legged or squatting, that the body faces the viewer and does not have any twisting.

The statues that represent the state have an anointing of grandeur and majesty, and we find in the cross-sections of the faces different clouds in a state of silence and tranquility.

The statues industry has reached a great degree of precision.

And the artist used in the manufacture of various materials that he found under his hand.

 It is noted that statues in that era were made for the purpose of placing them in the burial basement, so they were carefully carved from the front side.

Photography in the Old Kingdom

Sometimes the artist used colors to illustrate his bas-reliefs.

He also used it to make wall pictures on the layer of plaster covering the walls.

And the most famous example of this last type is the picture (The Six Geese)