ART;The Central State

 

The Central State

 

It includes the rule of the Eleventh and Twelfth Dynasties (2065-1787) BC

This is followed by the second era of decay (including the rule of the Hyksos) from the Thirteenth Dynasty to the Seventeenth Dynasty (1587-1585) BC.

Architecture in the central state

After the demise of the Old Kingdom, great pyramid tombs like those built by the kings of the Fourth Dynasty did not appear in Egypt, and smaller pyramids were found than the tombs of the Twelfth Dynasty. These pyramids used mud bricks that were covered with stones.

The kings of the Middle Kingdom built temples for different gods in the regions and the use of the temple surrounded by columns was widespread, as well as columns borrowed from the shape of palm trees.

And the Temple of Amenhotep III in Hawara and the tombs of the nobles carved into the rock in Bani Hassan, and from the era of the Middle Kingdom, two obelisks were erected on either side of the temple.

The kings of the Middle Kingdom established temples to the god in many countries, but only a few relics remained of them because most of them were demolished in the era of the Hyksos.

  And from what could be inferred in Karnak, that the central state temple in it consisted of three consecutive halls, and in the last of them there was a naos on a large base of Egyptian alabaster.

In northeastern Cairo, the remains of a mud-brick temple from the reign of Amenemhat the First was apparently revealed.

Sculpture in the Middle State

The art of sculpture weakened in the wake of the old state, and as far as many statues were found from the era of the old state, little was found from the era of the Middle Kingdom.

And it seems that sculpture was not widespread in the old era.

And the best of what was found of the statues of the eleventh family is the statue of the king (Menthotep).

The statues of the Twelfth Dynasty refer to the development of the Middle State artist, where the artist sculpted the king in the form of a man and not in the form of a machine.

Photography in the central country

The mural paintings found in the tombs of the rulers of Bani Hassan are among the best produced by the artists of the Central State, as they are characterized by vitality, movement, simulation of nature, and the artist's understanding of the rules of perspective, such as the tomb of the prince.

The depiction appeared independently of the inscription, starting from the middle state in the tombs of Bani Hassan, where the Farajun was used alone after the colors were added to the inscription in the terraces of the old country.

If they wanted to prepare the wall for engraving or painting, they would cover it with a layer of clay mixed with straw, topped with another layer of plaster or lime.

Perhaps they were satisfied with the second alone, and then divide the wall into squares to adjust the proportions of the desired shape